Trauma-related ADHD symptoms: The connection you need to know

I have stayed away from the subject of ADHD for a long time, as I have felt quite conflicted by the evolving definitions of the condition and concerned about what I perceive as an overuse of labels in Western society.

However, many of my clients have shared how misunderstood and stuck they have felt about their ADHD-like difficulties. Questions swirled in their minds before seeking support: 

• Should I get assessed? 
• Is there something deeply wrong with me?  
• Should I just go on medication? 
• If this is just who I am, what is the point? 
• Is there even a point in starting psychotherapy if ADHD isn’t a “treatable condition”?

So it is time to break the silence. Let me highlight that I do not deny that ADHD exists as a legitimate condition, nor do I minimise the challenges that people with ADHD experience. Living with ADHD-like symptoms, with or without an official ADHD diagnosis, can feel overwhelming. Clients often describe the pain of difficulty sustaining attention, impulsivity that disrupts relationships, hyperactivity that feels exhausting or alienating, and trouble organising tasks that can make even small daily responsibilities feel unbearable.

However, I want to challenge the increasing prevalence of diagnoses, leading to a fixed sense of identity, leaving people feeling like change is not possible and reinforcing patterns they might be able to address.

If you are someone living with these complexities or supporting someone who is, understanding your potential for recovery is essential. In this article, I want to shed light on your possibility for growth and development, drawing from research and clinical insights.

Does an ADHD diagnosis inherently mean a fixed neurological disorder?

ADHD, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, is considered a neurodevelopmental condition affecting both children and adults. It is described as stemming from differences in brain structure and function, making ADHD a lifelong condition that varies widely in its presentation and severity.

Some of the core symptoms:

• Inattention.
• Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or activities.
• Frequent careless mistakes.
• Seeming not to listen when spoken to.
• Trouble organising tasks.
• Easily distracted.
• Forgetfulness in daily activities.
• Hyperactivity-impulsivity.
• Fidgeting, tapping, or squirming.
• Difficulty staying seated.
• Excessive talking.
• Interrupting others.
• Inability to wait for a turn.

Symptoms often differ across genders and age groups; for instance, men and boys are more likely to exhibit hyperactive and impulsive behaviours, while women and girls frequently present with inattentive symptoms, leading to underdiagnosis. In adults, ADHD can manifest as difficulties with executive dysfunction such as time management, emotional regulation, and maintaining focus on tasks.

However, the ADHD label itself doesn’t necessarily confirm brain differences—it reflects patterns of behaviour that might arise for various reasons. It is important to know that for many professionals, the diagnosis relies mostly on a behavioural checklist from childhood to adulthood and does not, or cannot, examine brain structure or function directly.

Having an ADHD diagnosis means a healthcare professional has determined whether you meet the criteria for five or more symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity (for adults age 17 and older). According to the DSM-5, these symptoms must have been present before the age of 12, persist for at least six months, and occur in two or more settings (e.g., home and work). They must also significantly interfere with or reduce the quality of social, academic, or occupational functioning. 

However, many other conditions, including trauma, anxiety, or even chronic stress, can lead to similar symptoms. Therefore, this raises the question: 

Does an ADHD diagnosis always mean having a permanent or fixed neurological disorder, or could it, in some cases, be related to situational or treatable challenges?

Trauma-related ADHD symptoms

It is actually possible to present ADHD-like symptoms without having a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder. Back when I was a psychology student, ADHD was all about the brain and nothing else. It was defined as a mere neurodevelopmental disorder and seen mainly as a chronic condition affecting children, mostly boys. Medication was the main treatment and very little hope for recovery was given to the kids and their families.

We now understand that these behaviours are not solely rooted in fixed brain differences but often arise as adaptive responses to early environmental stress, particularly disruptions in emotional security during childhood. Research has increasingly highlighted the connections between ADHD and ACEs (Adverse Childhood Experiences), as well as other forms of trauma.

Research suggests that ACES can significantly influence our brains, leading to symptoms that mimic or amplify those of ADHD. Conditions like complex PTSD, for example, often share overlapping challenges, such as difficulty focusing, regulating emotions, and managing impulsivity. They can alter brain chemistry, making it difficult to focus and regulate emotions. The key difference lies in the root cause: trauma-related ADHD is a reaction to past stressors. This distinction is crucial because it highlights the importance of addressing ACES in therapeutic settings.

What to do next? 

If you suspect ADHD, the first step is to seek support from a mental health professional experienced in both ADHD and trauma/ACES. They can guide you toward appropriate therapies, including somatic and environmental interventions. These therapies focus on helping individuals understand and integrate their experiences, ultimately allowing them to reshape their narratives and reduce the impact of traumatic memories on their daily lives. 

We can begin to alleviate symptoms that may have previously seemed impossible to overcome, building resilience and personal empowerment. This process demonstrates the reality that change is not only possible but achievable. Embracing our capacity for healing encourages a mindset that views symptoms not as fixed characteristics but as challenges that can be used as opportunities for growth and strength.

Consequently, just because we experience ADHD-like symptoms doesn’t mean we are fixed. The concept of neuroplasticity reminds us of the brain's remarkable ability to adapt and reorganise itself throughout life. This means that regardless of whether you identify with ADHD-related symptoms, there is potential for growth and healing. With the right interventions—like therapy, lifestyle changes, and even medication—you can cultivate new pathways in your brain, empowering yourself not to see certain behaviours as symptoms but as incredible superpowers!

Flaws vs super-powers 

For many of my clients with ADHD or trauma histories, the feelings of overwhelm and being misunderstood often fuel shame and anxiety, people-pleasing, and a sense of never being good enough, which leads to self-neglect. Instead of caring for themselves, clients end up working against themselves, setting impossible goals or chasing what others expect of them. When they start working with themselves instead of against themselves, the traits they once saw as flaws become superpowers. For example, traits like hyper-focus, often seen as a challenge, can become a superpower when directed toward solving complex problems or mastering a skill. Similarly, sensitivity can lead to deep empathy, making you a better leader or friend.  

You can break this cycle too! By shifting your perspective and focusing on what truly matters to you. It might sound simple, but it is one of the hardest things to do. We are so used to putting other people first, worrying about what they think, and feeling like it is selfish to focus on ourselves. This is where the support of a community or therapy can be invaluable. Talking with others who understand your struggles can provide encouragement and guidance, making it easier to take that necessary step inward to figure out what you truly need.

With the right support, you can begin this journey from frustration and shame to self-discovery and self-understanding. Taking the time to learn about yourself, appreciating your unique qualities and letting go of external expectations are the essential steps to unlock your true potential.